RNA Polymerases
RNA polymerases catalyze genome transcription, converting genetic information into RNA outputs that support gene expression, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and cell growth[1]. In eukaryotic cells, three nuclear enzymes divide this work: RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal DNA, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) produces mRNAs and many regulatory non-coding RNAs, and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) generates tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and other short non-coding RNAs[2][3]. Mechanistically, Pol I and Pol III support ribosome production and translation capacity, whereas Pol II links transcription initiation, elongation, RNA processing, and gene-specific regulation through its C-terminal domain[4]. In disease models, disruption of Pol I or Pol III function produces tissue-specific developmental disorders, especially craniofacial abnormalities and leukodystrophy or neurodegenerative phenotypes[3]. Compared with Pol II, Pol I and Pol III are distinguished by high-output non-coding RNA transcription and by specialized subunits that define isoform-specific transcription programs[2][3]. For experimental applications, Pol I inhibition with CX-5461 suppresses rDNA transcription and has been used to study p53 activation, nucleolar stress, DNA damage response, and cancer cell vulnerability[5][6]. Pol III inhibition also provides aging-model utility, because reduced Pol III activity extends lifespan in yeast, worms, and flies downstream of TORC1[7].
References:
- [1]. Barba-Aliaga M, et al. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: The Many Ways to Transcribe a Gene. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Apr 21;8:663209. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Wang Y, et al. BMP and RA signaling cooperate to regulate Apolipoprotein C1 expression during embryonic development. Gene. 2015 Jan 10;554(2):196-204. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Watt KE, et al. RNA Polymerases I and III in development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Feb 28;136:49-63. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Hsin JP, et al. The RNA polymerase II CTD coordinates transcription and RNA processing. Genes Dev. 2012 Oct 1;26(19):2119-37. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Bywater MJ, et al. Inhibition of RNA polymerase I as a therapeutic strategy to promote cancer-specific activation of p53. Cancer Cell. 2012 Jul 10;22(1):51-65. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Haddach M, et al. Discovery of CX-5461, the First Direct and Selective Inhibitor of RNA Polymerase I, for Cancer Therapeutics. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2012 May 8;3(7):602-6. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Filer D, et al. RNA polymerase III limits longevity downstream of TORC1. Nature. 2017 Dec 14;552(7684):263-267. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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RNA Polymerases Related Products (161)
Related Products (161)
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RdRP-IN-3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-115730CAS No.: 2641299-75-2RdRP-IN-3 is a promising anti-influenza agent candidate by inhibiting the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
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CDK-IN-9
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-150641CAS No.: 3031561-92-6CDK-IN-9 (compound 24) is a potent CDK inhibitor, also as a molecular glue inducing an interaction between CDK12 and DDB1, with an IC50 values of 4 nM for CDK2/E. CDK-IN-9 leads to polyubiquitination of cyclin K and its subsequent degradation. CDK-IN-9 induce apoptosis through dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and RNA polymerase II.
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Tirandamycin A
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-126406CAS No.: 34429-70-4Tirandamycin A, an antibiotic, is a bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor. Tirandamycin A has antiamoebic and antibacterial properties.
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YJZ5118
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-173273CAS No.: 3031861-18-1YJZ5118 is a selective CDK12/CDK13 inhibitor with IC50 values of 39.5 nM and 26.4 nM. YJZ5118 suppresses transcription of DNA damage response genes and induces DNA damage in tumor cells. YJZ5118 inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis. YJZ5118 inhibits RNA polymerase II Ser2 phosphorylation and increases Akt pathway activity. YJZ5118 exhibits synergistic effects with Akt inhibitors. YJZ5118 can be used for the research of cancer, such as prostate cancer.
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Antiviral agent 81
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-182761Antiviral agent 81 is an orally bioavailable N-acylated remdesivir derivative and RdRp inhibitor with 45.3% oral bioavailability (based on active metabolite GS-441524 exposure), plasma half-life >8 h, and reduced CYP3A4 inhibition. Antiviral agent 81 exhibits activity against Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Pneumoviridae, and shows no activity against Orthomyxoviridae, Herpesviridae, and Alphaviridae. Antiviral agent 81 can be used for the research of viral infections.
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Thermostable T7 RNA Polymerase
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-E70400Thermostable T7 RNA Polymerase is a thermostable version of T7 RNA Polymerase (HY-E70090). Compared with T7 RNA Polymerase, it has high temperature resistance and stable activity. T7 RNA polymerase is a polymerase expressed by Escherichia coli from the RNA polymerase gene of T7 bacteriophage. T7 RNA polymerase is highly specific and involved in in vitro transcription (IVT) of mRNA. In the presence of Mg2+, T7 RNA polymerase only uses the single-stranded or double-stranded DNA containing the T7 promoter sequence as a template, and uses NTP as a substrate to synthesize RNA complementary to the single-stranded DNA downstream of the promoter.
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RdRP-IN-6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-154989RdRP-IN-6 (compound 27) inhibits RNA dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp) with an IC90 value of 14.1 μM. RdRP-IN-6 can be used for research on antiviral and anticancer.
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3',5'-O-Bis(isobutiryl)-4'-azido-2'-β-C-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-113659CAS No.: 1019639-33-83',5'-O-Bis(isobutyryl)-4'-azido-2'-β-C-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine functions as an NS5B inhibitor of RNA polymerase, and is utilized in the treatment of HCV infection.
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Radalbuvir
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-16750CAS No.: 1314795-11-3Synonyms: GS-9669Radalbuvir (GS-9669) is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Radalbuvir shows strong anti-HCV potency (GT1a intrinsic EC50 = 2.9 nM, GT1b EC50 = 6 nM).
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CX-5461 hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-13323BCAS No.: 2101314-20-7CX-5461 hydrochloride is a selective, orally active RNA polymerase I inhibitor. CX-5461 hydrochloride disrupts the formation of the SL1-rDNA complex, thereby blocking the transcription initiation of ribosomal RNA without altering the activity of RNA polymerase II, DNA replication, or protein translation processes. CX-5461 hydrochloride upregulates the expression of p21, MDM2, Sestrin1/2, and phosphorylated AMPKα, and reduces the level of phosphorylated Akt. CX-5461 hydrochloride induces G2/G2/M cell cycle arrest, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and cellular senescence, and activates CHK1, CHK2, and RPA. CX-5461 hydrochloride can be used in research related to osteosarcoma, cervical cancer, hematologic malignancies, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and solid tumors.
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Dihydromyricetin-d4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N0112SSynonyms: Ampelopsin-d4; Ampeloptin-d4Dihydromyricetin-d4 (Ampelopsin-d4) is deuterium labeled Dihydromyricetin. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 μM.
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RNA polymerase-IN-3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-175468RNA polymerase-IN-3 (Compound 28) is a bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitor with antibacterial activity. RNA polymerase-IN-3 inhibits RNA synthesis by competitively blocking the binding of UTP to RNAP (IC50= 0.28 μM). RNA polymerase-IN-3 is promising for research of bacterial infections.
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LMed 93
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-187427LMed 93 is an antiviral agent. LMed 93 inhibits the activity of influenza A virus RNA polymerase. LMed 93 suppresses viral RNA synthesis. LMed 93 inhibits the replication of influenza A viruses H5N1 and H1N1. LMed 93 can be used for the research of influenza A virus infections (H1N1, H5N1).
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D715-2441
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-124184CAS No.: 54245-10-2D715-2441 is an influenza virus RNA polymerase inhibitor (IC50=1.7-4.4 μM). D715-2441 exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple influenza A strains. D715-2441 is promising for research of seasonal influenza and influenza viruses.
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RH12
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-162719RH12 is a dual inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 related RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, IC50 is 4.42 nM) and human transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2, IC50 is 4.2 nM). RH12 exhibits antiviral efficacy. RH12 inhibits viral replication and absorption, and exhibits a 90.5% virucidal effects on Vero-E6 cells. RH12 inhibits cell viability of Calu-3 with an IC50 of 17.5 nM.
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Antiviral agent 67
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-165430CAS No.: 25111-96-0Antiviral agent 67 (compound PC6) is an inhibitor of DENV NS5 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) with a Ki value of 1.12 nM
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Pipobroman (Standard)
0 ImagesPipobroman (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pipobroman. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pipobroman is a bromide derivative of piperazine and acts as an alkylating agent. Pipobroman plays its role by inhibiting DNA and RNA polymerase or by reducing pyrimidine nucleotide incorporation into DNA. Pipobroman can be used for the cancer research, including polycythemia vera, myeloproliferative neoplasm, and AML et.al.
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CGP 4832
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-187604CAS No.: 113303-81-4CGP 4832 is a Rifamycin S (HY-125365) derivative and Antibacterial agent. CGP 4832 inhibits DNA-dependent transcription through DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. CGP 4832 exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria comparable to Rifampicin (HY-B0272), but is more potent against certain Gram-negative bacterial species, such as Escherichia coli ETH 2018 (MIC 0.01 µg/mL) and Salmonella AX 5 (MIC 0.5 µg/mL). CGP 4832 can be used for research on Gram-negative bacterial infections.
